Quantum-HPC Software Stacks and the openQSE Reference Architecture: A Survey

This paper is available for free on the arXiv.

The work surveys production quantum-HPC software stacks and introduces the open quantum-HPC software ecosystem (openQSE) reference architecture as a way to describe layer boundaries for interoperable quantum-HPC systems.

The paper abstract is:

Quantum resources are increasingly integrated into high-performance computing (HPC) and cloud environments, but quantum high-performance computing (QHPC) software stacks remain isolated, often proprietary, full-stack solutions lacking common interfaces across runtime, resource management, orchestration, and execution layers. This paper analyzes nine production QHPC stacks and identifies common design patterns and emerging requirements, covering deployment models, application interaction patterns, SDK support, and readiness for fault-tolerant operation. The survey exposes consistent needs in runtime abstraction, resource management, interconnect semantics, and observability. Based on these findings, we propose the open quantum-HPC software ecosystem (openQSE) reference architecture as a first step toward unifying the state-of-the-practice.